Unit 15
Chapter 9
Network Protocol Stacks
–> All involve naming
Lan Manager (LM)
NetBEUI/NetBIOS (uses NetBIOS names, max 15 characters)
IPX/SPX
Localtalk/AppleTalk
TCP/IP (uses hostnames, max 255 characters)
Network Filesystems and URIs
Think about local partition filesystems like FAT and NTFS and EFS4. Now consider how you could connect to a remote share over the network: you’ll need a different kind of filesystem, a network filesystem.
These use URIs, just like HTTP does:
http://servername
The oldest network filesystem (or sharing protocol) you need to worry about is NetBIOS. NetBIOS sharing has been replaced by SMB sharing.
NBT: NetBIOS over TCP/IP
SMB/Samba/CIFS
Server Message Block (SMB)
Browser path:
smb://servername/sharename/
CIFS: Common Internet File System
CIFS paths:
\\servername\sharename
\\servername\path\to\share
\\192.168.1.2\Users\Public\Shared
Mapping a drive using a CIFS path:
net use g: \\server1\share1
Linux version: Samba
NFS
nfs://servername/sharename/
AFP
afp://servername/sharename/
FTP
ftp://servername/sharename/
Even local filesystems can be explored with a web browser:
file:///C:/
Domains and Directories
Workgroups (DOS and Windows for Workgroups)
NT Domains (Windows NT 4)
Network Information System (Yellow Pages) (Unix/Linux)
LDAP/OpenLDAP (DoD/Open Source community)
Active Directory (Windows 2000)
Novell Directory Services (NDS)
Red Hat Enterprise Directory
Sun Java System Directory Server
Sharing Resources
Naming: UNC, URI and URL
Permissions: Share-level and Domain
Accessing Shares
“Big” TCP/IP
DNS
ipconfig /displaydns (or /flushdns)
nslookup
dig
https://web.archive.org/web/20140215072451/https://www.zoneedit.com/doc/nslookup.html
http://web.archive.org/web/20100114061623/http://activexperts.com/support/activmonitor/nslookup/
DHCP
Routing and Routing Tables
In Windows:
netstat -rn # or route print
In Linux:
netstat -rn # or route
Local Sharing
WINS
nbtstat -c (or no switch)
The NET commands
net use g: \\server1\share1
net localgroup
net user
netstat -rn
route print
NAT
Proxy Servers
Truly Heavy-Duty Tools
https://www.arin.net/http://www.ripe.net/http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/RIPEhttp://www.ripe.net/ris/index.htmlhttp://www.ris.ripe.net/bgplay/
Longest prefix match: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_prefix_match