Embedded systems
Raspberry Pi
“I ate a (Ada) fruit; it was a Raspberry Pi.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace
Field-programmable gate array (FPGA)
https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/fpga-definition-explained-vs-asic,6068.html
Arduino
ESP Boards (not yet on the test)
https://www.espressif.com/en/products/devkits
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) / Industrial control system (ICS)
Facilities
Industrial
Manufacturing
Energy
Logistics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCADA
Internet of Things (IoT)
Sensors
Smart devices
Wearables (ANT or BLE)
Facility automation
Home automation (Zigbee or Zwave)
–> Weak defaults
Specialized
Medical systems
Vehicles
Aircraft
Smart meters
Voice over IP (VoIP)
SIP
H.323
RTP
–> Is it encrypted?
https://wiki.wireshark.org/SampleCaptures –> Look for the VOIP sample capture; play it in Wireshark.
Heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC)
https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/368943
Drones
Remote control systems
Direct RF
Network
Multifunction Printer (MFP)
Have a disk!
Real-time operating system (RTOS)
Updates and patches are rare.
Surveillance Systems
System on a Chip (SoC)
Communication considerations
5G
Narrow-band
Baseband radio
Subscriber identity module (SIM) cards
Zigbee, Zwave, ANT
Constraints
Power
Compute
Network
Crypto
Inability to patch
Authentication
Range
Cost
Implied trust