Day 3: Networking Variants, Physical Installation
Ports
https://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xhtml
“Exotic” or Large-Scale Network Protocols
FDDI and CDDI
ATM
Frame Relay
MPLS – https://duckduckgo.com/?q=mpls&t=ffab&iax=images&ia=images
Metro Ethernet
Installation
Structured Cabling
Fire Ratings
Equipment Rooms
Equipment Racks: 19″, “U” units
Patch Panels
Patch Cables
Floor Plans
Pulling
Testing
Tools
Punchdown tool
Crimping tool
Toner
TD
OTDR
certification tools
Fluke
Wired Networking: How You Get Connected
What Happens During the Boot Process:
1. Push power
2. POST runs
3. BIOSes get read into RAM
4. NIC BIOS gets read into RAM
5. Every NIC has a MAC address (48 bits, Hex) like:
01:23:45:67:89:ab
6. The NIC sends out a frame FROM: its MAC, TO: Broadcast (BC)
Ethernet Broadcast Address is:
ffffffffffff (note that this is 48 1s)
0000 = 0
0001 = 1
1111 = f
7. The switch it’s connected to hears the BC, and registers the new MAC address to the physical port it’s plugged into.
8. IN OLD NETWORKS (DOS, Windows 95/98, Windows NT3.x):
i. The Local Browse Master for NetBEUI/NetBIOS hears the initial NIC BC, and
ii. Registers the host’s NetBIOS name and MAC address to the local Workgroup.
9. IN CONTEMPORARY NETWORKS:
a. NIC BCs to the IP BC address: ipv4 address is 32 bits, IN DECIMAL
The IP BC is:
255.255.255.255 (note that this is 32 1s)
b. DHCP gives me
IP
NM
GW
NS
DDNS
Wireless Networking
Wireless NICs
Access Points (APs)
Wireless Bridges: Point to Point / Point to Multipoint
Wireless Networking Software
Modes: Ad-hoc vs. Infrastructure
BSSID: Basic Service Set ID (the WAP’s MAC)
SSID: Service Set ID (the network name with a single WAP)
ESSID: Extended Service Set ID (the network name for a network with multiple WAPs)
CSMA/CA
Wireless Networking Security
802.1x (usually using RADIUS)
MAC Filtering
WEP
64 bit encryption
Shared, static key
128 bit encryption
Key variants: Enterprise 802.1x vs. Personal PSK
WPA2
WPA3
WPS (DANGER DANGER!!)
Exercise:
WAP Configuration